Ukraine’s public and state-guaranteed debt rose by 35.4% in 2023, reaching a record high of UAH 5.5 tln (~ USD 145 bln). According to the Ministry of Finance, the proportion of liabilities in EUR increased to 32.32% at the end of 2023, while the share in USD decreased to 26.21%. Approximately 70% of this debt is external, with the remaining 30% being domestic.