Kazakhstan’s the energy ministry has said its projected oil production outlook for this year of 96.2 mln tons does not take into account agreements made within the OPEC+ group. It added however that it does plan to adhere to the OPEC+ agreements in 2025. Meanwhile, the central bank has proposed a cap on spreads at currency exchange offices, in order to curb “speculative activity” and reduce risk in the market. The restriction will not affect non-cash transactions.