Pakistan’s military conducted targeted strikes against militant bases in Iran, responding to an earlier attack by Tehran. This unusual escalation of hostilities has led to heightened alertness in both countries, although there are indications that neither side desires further escalation. The strikes were primarily against militant groups posing local challenges and pursuing regional objectives. Pakistan has accused Iran of ignoring militants operating from its territory, while Iran has previously claimed that the militant group Jaish al-Adl was being harbored in Pakistan and supported by Israel.